Sarasvati - Revision history

PeterDuffy at 04:11, 11 June 2026

2026-06-11T04:11:23Z

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	{{MTR}}, s.v. “Sarasvati, Shakti of Brahma.”		{{MTR}}, s.v. “Sarasvati, Shakti of Brahma.”

	~~<!--T:22-->~~
	~~[[Category:Heavenly beings]]~~
	</translate>		</translate>

	<references />		<references />
			[[Category:Heavenly beings{{#translation:}}]]

PeterDuffy at 14:20, 2 November 2025

2025-11-02T14:20:40Z

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	<blockquote>The predominant themes in Sarasvati’s appearance are purity and transcendence. She is almost always said to be pure white like snow, the moon, or the kunda flower.... Her garments are said to be fiery in their purity....~~</blockquote>~~		<blockquote>
			The predominant themes in Sarasvati’s appearance are purity and transcendence. She is almost always said to be pure white like snow, the moon, or the kunda flower.... Her garments are said to be fiery in their purity....

	<!--T:11-->		<!--T:11-->
	~~<blockquote>~~Sarasvati’s transcendent nature ... is also suggested in her vehicle, the swan. The swan is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection in Hinduism.... Sarasvati, astride her swan, suggests a dimension of human existence that rises above the physical, natural world. Her realm is one of beauty, perfection, and grace; it is a realm created by artistic inspiration, philosophic insight, and accumulated knowledge, which have enabled human beings to so refine their natural world that they have been able to transcend its limitations. Sarasvati astride her swan beckons human beings to continued cultural creation and civilized perfection.... She not only underlies the world and is its creator but is the [very] means to transcend the world.<ref>David Kinsley, ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'' (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 62, 141.</ref></blockquote>		Sarasvati’s transcendent nature ... is also suggested in her vehicle, the swan. The swan is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection in Hinduism.... Sarasvati, astride her swan, suggests a dimension of human existence that rises above the physical, natural world. Her realm is one of beauty, perfection, and grace; it is a realm created by artistic inspiration, philosophic insight, and accumulated knowledge, which have enabled human beings to so refine their natural world that they have been able to transcend its limitations. Sarasvati astride her swan beckons human beings to continued cultural creation and civilized perfection.... She not only underlies the world and is its creator but is the [very] means to transcend the world.<ref>David Kinsley, ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'' (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 62, 141.</ref>
			</blockquote>

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Pduffy: Marked this version for translation

2020-04-29T03:27:36Z

Marked this version for translation

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	[[File:Indian - Sarasvati - Walters 2550.jpg\|thumb\|<translate>Sandstone sculpture of Sarasvati, India (10th century)</translate>]]		[[File:Indian - Sarasvati - Walters 2550.jpg\|thumb\|<translate><!--T:1--> Sandstone sculpture of Sarasvati, India (10th century)</translate>]]

	[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg\|thumb\|<translate>Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)</translate>]]		[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg\|thumb\|<translate><!--T:2--> Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)</translate>]]

	<translate>		<translate>
			<!--T:3-->
	The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.		The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.

	== Attributes ==		== Attributes == <!--T:4-->

			<!--T:5-->
	Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.		Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.

			<!--T:6-->
	In the book ''Symbolism in Hinduism'', A. Parthasarathy notes that the name ''Sarasvati'' literally means “the one who gives the essence of our own Self.” Sarasvati is sometimes represented with four hands, sitting on a lotus. She holds the sacred scriptures in one hand and a lotus in another. With the remaining two hands, she plays the Indian lute (veena).<ref>A. Parthasarathy, “Consorts of the Three Gods,” in R. S. Nathan, comp., ''Symbolism in Hinduism'' (Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust, 1989), p. 157.</ref>		In the book ''Symbolism in Hinduism'', A. Parthasarathy notes that the name ''Sarasvati'' literally means “the one who gives the essence of our own Self.” Sarasvati is sometimes represented with four hands, sitting on a lotus. She holds the sacred scriptures in one hand and a lotus in another. With the remaining two hands, she plays the Indian lute (veena).<ref>A. Parthasarathy, “Consorts of the Three Gods,” in R. S. Nathan, comp., ''Symbolism in Hinduism'' (Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust, 1989), p. 157.</ref>

			<!--T:7-->
	Parthasarathy writes: “The Goddess, therefore, represents the ideal guru.... ‘Sitting on the lotus’ symbolises that the teacher is well established in the subjective experience of the Truth. ‘Holding the Scriptures in her hand’ indicates that she upholds that the knowledge of the Scriptures alone can take us to the Truth." Parthasarathy says that Sarasvati’s playing of the lute suggests “that a truly qualified teacher tunes up the mind and intellect of the seeker and draws out of him the music and melody of life.”<ref>Ibid., pp. 157–58.</ref>		Parthasarathy writes: “The Goddess, therefore, represents the ideal guru.... ‘Sitting on the lotus’ symbolises that the teacher is well established in the subjective experience of the Truth. ‘Holding the Scriptures in her hand’ indicates that she upholds that the knowledge of the Scriptures alone can take us to the Truth." Parthasarathy says that Sarasvati’s playing of the lute suggests “that a truly qualified teacher tunes up the mind and intellect of the seeker and draws out of him the music and melody of life.”<ref>Ibid., pp. 157–58.</ref>

			<!--T:8-->
	According to scholar David Frawley, in an esoteric sense Sarasvati “represents the stream of wisdom, the free flow of the knowledge of consciousness.”<ref>David Frawley, ''From the River of Heaven: Hindu and Vedic Knowledge for the Modern Age'' (Sandy, Utah: Morson Publishing, 1990), p. 126.</ref> She is called the Flowing One, the source of creation by the Word.		According to scholar David Frawley, in an esoteric sense Sarasvati “represents the stream of wisdom, the free flow of the knowledge of consciousness.”<ref>David Frawley, ''From the River of Heaven: Hindu and Vedic Knowledge for the Modern Age'' (Sandy, Utah: Morson Publishing, 1990), p. 126.</ref> She is called the Flowing One, the source of creation by the Word.

			<!--T:9-->
	Sarasvati also represents purity and wears white. David Kinsley, Professor of Religious Studies at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, explains:		Sarasvati also represents purity and wears white. David Kinsley, Professor of Religious Studies at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, explains:

			<!--T:10-->
	<blockquote>The predominant themes in Sarasvati’s appearance are purity and transcendence. She is almost always said to be pure white like snow, the moon, or the kunda flower.... Her garments are said to be fiery in their purity....</blockquote>		<blockquote>The predominant themes in Sarasvati’s appearance are purity and transcendence. She is almost always said to be pure white like snow, the moon, or the kunda flower.... Her garments are said to be fiery in their purity....</blockquote>

			<!--T:11-->
	<blockquote>Sarasvati’s transcendent nature ... is also suggested in her vehicle, the swan. The swan is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection in Hinduism.... Sarasvati, astride her swan, suggests a dimension of human existence that rises above the physical, natural world. Her realm is one of beauty, perfection, and grace; it is a realm created by artistic inspiration, philosophic insight, and accumulated knowledge, which have enabled human beings to so refine their natural world that they have been able to transcend its limitations. Sarasvati astride her swan beckons human beings to continued cultural creation and civilized perfection.... She not only underlies the world and is its creator but is the [very] means to transcend the world.<ref>David Kinsley, ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'' (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 62, 141.</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>Sarasvati’s transcendent nature ... is also suggested in her vehicle, the swan. The swan is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection in Hinduism.... Sarasvati, astride her swan, suggests a dimension of human existence that rises above the physical, natural world. Her realm is one of beauty, perfection, and grace; it is a realm created by artistic inspiration, philosophic insight, and accumulated knowledge, which have enabled human beings to so refine their natural world that they have been able to transcend its limitations. Sarasvati astride her swan beckons human beings to continued cultural creation and civilized perfection.... She not only underlies the world and is its creator but is the [very] means to transcend the world.<ref>David Kinsley, ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'' (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 62, 141.</ref></blockquote>

			<!--T:12-->
	Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.		Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.

	== The river Sarasvati ==		== The river Sarasvati == <!--T:13-->

			<!--T:14-->
	In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea. Frawley believes that the Sarasvati was the main site of habitation at the time the Vedas were composed thousands of years ago.<ref>David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 72–76, 354–57 nn. d–g.</ref>		In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea. Frawley believes that the Sarasvati was the main site of habitation at the time the Vedas were composed thousands of years ago.<ref>David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 72–76, 354–57 nn. d–g.</ref>

			<!--T:15-->
	Frawley says that the Sarasvati, “like the later Ganges, symbolizes the Sushumna, the river of spiritual knowledge, the current that flows [through the spinal canal] through the seven [[chakra]]s of the subtle body. She is not only the Milky Way or river of Heaven, inwardly she is the river of true consciousness that flows into this world.”<ref>Ibid., p. 219.</ref>		Frawley says that the Sarasvati, “like the later Ganges, symbolizes the Sushumna, the river of spiritual knowledge, the current that flows [through the spinal canal] through the seven [[chakra]]s of the subtle body. She is not only the Milky Way or river of Heaven, inwardly she is the river of true consciousness that flows into this world.”<ref>Ibid., p. 219.</ref>

			<!--T:16-->
	The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings'', pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”<ref>Sri-sukta 1, 6, 13, 4, in Rigveda, cited by David Kinsley, ''The Goddesses’ Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West'' (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989), p. 55.</ref>		The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings'', pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”<ref>Sri-sukta 1, 6, 13, 4, in Rigveda, cited by David Kinsley, ''The Goddesses’ Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West'' (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989), p. 55.</ref>

			<!--T:17-->
	Her sacred “seed syllable,” or bija, is ''Aim'' (pronounced ''ah-eem''). A [[bija mantra]] encapsulates the essence of a [[cosmic being]], of a principle or a [[chakra]]. Sarasvati’s mantra is ''Om Aim Sarasvatye Namaha''.		Her sacred “seed syllable,” or bija, is ''Aim'' (pronounced ''ah-eem''). A [[bija mantra]] encapsulates the essence of a [[cosmic being]], of a principle or a [[chakra]]. Sarasvati’s mantra is ''Om Aim Sarasvatye Namaha''.

	== See also ==		== See also == <!--T:18-->

			<!--T:19-->
	[[Brahma]]		[[Brahma]]

	== Sources ==		== Sources == <!--T:20-->

			<!--T:21-->
	{{MTR}}, s.v. “Sarasvati, Shakti of Brahma.”		{{MTR}}, s.v. “Sarasvati, Shakti of Brahma.”

			<!--T:22-->
	[[Category:Heavenly beings]]		[[Category:Heavenly beings]]
	</translate>		</translate>

	<references />		<references />

Pduffy: translate tags

2020-04-29T03:27:24Z

translate tags

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	[[File:Indian - Sarasvati - Walters 2550.jpg\|thumb\|Sandstone sculpture of Sarasvati, India (10th century)]]		<languages />
			[[File:Indian - Sarasvati - Walters 2550.jpg\|thumb\|<translate>Sandstone sculpture of Sarasvati, India (10th century)</translate>]]

	[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg\|thumb\|Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)]]		[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg\|thumb\|<translate>Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)</translate>]]

			<translate>
	The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.		The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.

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	[[Category:Heavenly beings]]		[[Category:Heavenly beings]]
			</translate>

			<references />

Pduffy: Added more material

2016-08-23T08:27:39Z

Added more material

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:27, 23 August 2016
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	Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.		Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.

	== ~~River goddess~~ ==		== The river Sarasvati ==

	In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea. Frawley believes that the Sarasvati was the main site of habitation at the time the Vedas were composed thousands of years ago.		In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea. Frawley believes that the Sarasvati was the main site of habitation at the time the Vedas were composed thousands of years ago.<ref>David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 72–76, 354–57 nn. d–g.</ref>
	Frawley says that the Sarasvati, “like the later Ganges, symbolizes the Sushumna, the river of spiritual knowledge, the current that flows [through the spinal canal] through the seven ~~chakras~~ of the subtle body. She is not only the Milky Way or river of Heaven, inwardly she is the river of true consciousness that flows into this world.”<ref>~~David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp~~. ~~72–76~~, ~~354–57 nn~~. ~~d–g~~.</ref>
	The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in ~~David~~ Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings~~: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization~~'' ~~(Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991)~~, pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”		Frawley says that the Sarasvati, “like the later Ganges, symbolizes the Sushumna, the river of spiritual knowledge, the current that flows [through the spinal canal] through the seven [[chakra]]s of the subtle body. She is not only the Milky Way or river of Heaven, inwardly she is the river of true consciousness that flows into this world.”<ref>Ibid., p. 219.</ref>

			The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings'', pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”<ref>Sri-sukta 1, 6, 13, 4, in Rigveda, cited by David Kinsley, ''The Goddesses’ Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West'' (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1989), p. 55.</ref>

	Her sacred “seed syllable,” or bija, is ''Aim'' (pronounced ''ah-eem''). A [[bija mantra]] encapsulates the essence of a [[cosmic being]], of a principle or a [[chakra]]. Sarasvati’s mantra is ''Om Aim Sarasvatye Namaha''.		Her sacred “seed syllable,” or bija, is ''Aim'' (pronounced ''ah-eem''). A [[bija mantra]] encapsulates the essence of a [[cosmic being]], of a principle or a [[chakra]]. Sarasvati’s mantra is ''Om Aim Sarasvatye Namaha''.

Pduffy at 08:21, 23 August 2016

2016-08-23T08:21:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:21, 23 August 2016
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	Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.		Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.

	Sarasvati is sometimes represented with four hands, sitting on a lotus. She holds the sacred scriptures in one hand and a lotus in another. With the remaining two hands, she plays the Indian lute (veena). She is called the Flowing One, the source of creation by the Word. Sarasvati also represents purity and wears white. Her transcendent nature is suggested in her vehicle, the swan~~, which~~ is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection.		In the book ''Symbolism in Hinduism'', A. Parthasarathy notes that the name ''Sarasvati'' literally means “the one who gives the essence of our own Self.” Sarasvati is sometimes represented with four hands, sitting on a lotus. She holds the sacred scriptures in one hand and a lotus in another. With the remaining two hands, she plays the Indian lute (veena).<ref>A. Parthasarathy, “Consorts of the Three Gods,” in R. S. Nathan, comp., ''Symbolism in Hinduism'' (Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust, 1989), p. 157.</ref>

			Parthasarathy writes: “The Goddess, therefore, represents the ideal guru.... ‘Sitting on the lotus’ symbolises that the teacher is well established in the subjective experience of the Truth. ‘Holding the Scriptures in her hand’ indicates that she upholds that the knowledge of the Scriptures alone can take us to the Truth." Parthasarathy says that Sarasvati’s playing of the lute suggests “that a truly qualified teacher tunes up the mind and intellect of the seeker and draws out of him the music and melody of life.”<ref>Ibid., pp. 157–58.</ref>

			According to scholar David Frawley, in an esoteric sense Sarasvati “represents the stream of wisdom, the free flow of the knowledge of consciousness.”<ref>David Frawley, ''From the River of Heaven: Hindu and Vedic Knowledge for the Modern Age'' (Sandy, Utah: Morson Publishing, 1990), p. 126.</ref> She is called the Flowing One, the source of creation by the Word.

			Sarasvati also represents purity and wears white. David Kinsley, Professor of Religious Studies at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, explains:

			<blockquote>The predominant themes in Sarasvati’s appearance are purity and transcendence. She is almost always said to be pure white like snow, the moon, or the kunda flower.... Her garments are said to be fiery in their purity....</blockquote>

			<blockquote>Sarasvati’s transcendent nature ... is also suggested in her vehicle, the swan. The swan is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection in Hinduism.... Sarasvati, astride her swan, suggests a dimension of human existence that rises above the physical, natural world. Her realm is one of beauty, perfection, and grace; it is a realm created by artistic inspiration, philosophic insight, and accumulated knowledge, which have enabled human beings to so refine their natural world that they have been able to transcend its limitations. Sarasvati astride her swan beckons human beings to continued cultural creation and civilized perfection.... She not only underlies the world and is its creator but is the [very] means to transcend the world.<ref>David Kinsley, ''Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition'' (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 62, 141.</ref></blockquote>

	Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.		Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.
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	== River goddess ==		== River goddess ==

	In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea.		In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea. Frawley believes that the Sarasvati was the main site of habitation at the time the Vedas were composed thousands of years ago.
			Frawley says that the Sarasvati, “like the later Ganges, symbolizes the Sushumna, the river of spiritual knowledge, the current that flows [through the spinal canal] through the seven chakras of the subtle body. She is not only the Milky Way or river of Heaven, inwardly she is the river of true consciousness that flows into this world.”<ref>David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 72–76, 354–57 nn. d–g.</ref>
	The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”		The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”

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	The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.		The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.

			== Attributes ==

	Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.		Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.
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	Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.		Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.

			== River goddess ==

	In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea.		In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea.

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			[[File:Indian - Sarasvati - Walters 2550.jpg\|thumb\|Sandstone sculpture of Sarasvati, India (10th century)]]

	[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg\|thumb\|Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)]]		[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg\|thumb\|Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)]]

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[[File:Sarasvati2.jpg|thumb|Painting of Sarasvati, unknown artist, India (19th century)]]

The Divine Mother in her manifestation as '''Sarasvati''' is the [[shakti]] of [[Brahma]]. Brahma is known as the Creator in the Hindu Trinity and is parallel to God the Father in the Western Trinity. He is the Divine Lawgiver, the source of all knowledge. Together, Brahma and Sarasvati are the embodiment of cosmic force.

Sarasvati is known as the Goddess of the [[Word]]. She is identified with Vac, the Word. She represents eloquence and articulates the wisdom of the Law. She is the Mother-Teacher to those of us who love the Law revealed by Brahma, and she is the power of volition, the will and motivation to be the Law in action. Sarasvati represents the union of power and intelligence from which organized creation arises.

Sarasvati is sometimes represented with four hands, sitting on a lotus. She holds the sacred scriptures in one hand and a lotus in another. With the remaining two hands, she plays the Indian lute (veena). She is called the Flowing One, the source of creation by the Word. Sarasvati also represents purity and wears white. Her transcendent nature is suggested in her vehicle, the swan, which is a symbol of spiritual transcendence and perfection.

Sarasvati is associated with speech, poetry, music and culture and is known as the Goddess of Learning and the Patroness of the Arts and Music. She is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. To Buddhists, she is the consort of [[Manjushri]], the bodhisattva of wisdom. Buddhists appeal to Manjushri for intelligence, wisdom, mastery of the teaching, the power of exposition, eloquence and memory. He works with [[Lord Maitreya]]. The two are sometimes depicted in a triad with [[Gautama Buddha]] in which Manjushri represents the wisdom aspect and Maitreya the compassion aspect of Buddhist teaching. Like Sarasvati, Manjushri brings the gift of illumination.

In the earliest Hindu texts, the Vedas, Sarasvati is a river goddess. The Vedas say that Sarasvati was the greatest river in India. For years the Sarasvati was believed to have been a myth, but an archaeological survey in 1985 found an ancient riverbed that matched the description of the Sarasvati. It was a great river, four to six miles wide for much of its length. It flowed westward from the Himalayas into the sea.

The Rigveda calls Sarasvati “the best mother, the best river, [and] the best Goddess.”<ref>Rigveda 2.41.16, 1.3.12, quoted in David Frawley, ''Gods, Sages and Kings: Vedic Secrets of Ancient Civilization'' (Salt Lake City, Utah: Passage Press, 1991), pp. 70, 71.</ref> It also says, “Sarasvati like a great ocean appears with her ray, she rules all inspirations.”

Her sacred “seed syllable,” or bija, is ''Aim'' (pronounced ''ah-eem''). A [[bija mantra]] encapsulates the essence of a [[cosmic being]], of a principle or a [[chakra]]. Sarasvati’s mantra is ''Om Aim Sarasvatye Namaha''.

== See also ==

[[Brahma]]

== Sources ==

{{MTR}}, s.v. “Sarasvati, Shakti of Brahma.”

[[Category:Heavenly beings]]